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Showing posts with label Notes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Notes. Show all posts

Questions on Geography Part-3

Questions on Geography Part-3

Compiled by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia | @drlalitsetia  | drlalitsetia@gmail.com
In competitive examinations, the questions are usually asked about the current affairs, geography, science, political science, current events etc. The questions most of the time, came from latest happenings and issues relating to current environment. Our team complies the information and frame questions on the basis of latest updates in various areas of knowledge while keeping a close watch over the questions being asked in various examinations. It is must to provide simplified process of learning to the viewers who may be students, officers, persons requiring updates in various areas of knowledge. 
In this part, we will cover questions on Geography. For latest information on various happenings a separate web-page 'Leaves of Progress' is also being maintained. Questions on HindiEnglishChild Development and PedagogySocial Studies etc. are also compiled and updated from time to time. 
Apart from these, the questions on RajasthanHaryanaIndia, World are also added on various linked web-pages. 
1. The largest irrigated area of the world:
A. Ganga Basin
B. Indus Valley
C. Brahamputra Valley
D. Mahanadi Basin
Answer: B
Note: The Indus Valley is located in Pakistan, is the largest single irrigated area of the world.
2.  The Makran is located in the following ocean:
A. Bay of Bengal
B. Arabian Sea
C. Indian Ocean
D. Mediterranean Sea
Answer: B
3. Which of the following state of India has maximum mines?
A. Rajasthan
B. Gujarat
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Jharkhand
Answer: C
4. The piece of sub-continental land surrounded by water is known as:
A. Island
B. Peninsula
C. Strait
D. Gulf
Answer: A
5. The land surrounded by water on three sides is known as:
A. Gulf
B. Peninsula
C. Strait
D. Island
Answer: B
6. A waterway connecting two larger bodies of water?
A. Peninsula
B. Strait
C. Gulf
D. Island
Answer: B
7. A chain or set of Islands located in a single area are known as:
A. Gulf
B. Strait
C. Peninsula
D. Archipelago
Answer: D
8. The largest contiguous cotton-growing region is located in which of the following countries?
A. India
B. China
C. Pakistan
D. America
Answer: D
9. The Coffea Charrieriana is type of coffee which is free of caffeine. In which country it is grown?
A. Vietnam
B. Liberia
C. Cameroon
D. Yemen
Answer: B
10. The largest Archipelago is known as:
A. Malaysia
B. Indonesia
C. Maldives
D. Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Answer: B


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1. Questions on Biology Part-1

2. Questions on Biology Part-2

3. Questions on Biology Part-3

4. Questions on Biology Part-4

5. Questions on Biology Part-5

6. Questions on Science Part-1

7. Questions on General Science Part-2

8. Questions on Science Part-3

9. Questions on Science Part-4

10. Questions on Science Part-5

11. Questions on Current Events Part-1

12. Questions on Current Events Part-2

13. Questions on Current Events Part-3

14. Questions on Current Events Part-4      

15. Questions on Geography Part-1

16. Questions on Geography Part-2

Business Environment : Meaning and Components

Business Environment: Meaning and Components

-Compiled by Dr. Lalit Kumar Setia*

What is Business Environment?

Generally, Business refers to those activities that are related to the buying and selling of goods. Business Environment consists of all those factors that have a bearing on the business. The survival and success of a business firm depend on its strength, resources at its command, including physical resources, financial resources, human resources, skill and organisation and its adaptability to the environment and the extend to which environment is favourable to the development of the organisation. The survival and success of a fir, thus, depend on two sets of factors, viz., the internal factors the internal environment and external factors- the external environment. 

Factors affecting Business Environment:

Some of the external factors have a direct intimate impact on the firm (like the suppliers and distributors) of the firm. These factors are classified as micro environment also known as task environment and operating environment. These are other external factors which effect an industry very generally (such as industrial policy, demography factors etc.). They constitute what is called macro-environment, general environment or remote environment.
Hence business environment has three components.

-                    Internal environment
-                    Micro environment/task environment/operating environment
-                    Macro environment/general environment/remote environment

Internal Environment

The important internal factors which have a bearing on an organisation include:

a)    Value system: 

The value system of the founders and those at the helm of affairs has imported bearing on the choice of business, the mission and objective of the organisation, business policies and practices.

b)    Mission and objectives:

 The business domain of the company, priorities, direction of development, business philosophy, business policy etc. are guided by the mission and objectives of the company e.g. Ranbaxy’s thrust in to the foreign markets and development have been driven by its mission “to become a research based international pharmaceutical company.”

c)    Management Structure and Nature: 

The organisation structures the composition of the Board of Directors, experts of professionalization of management etc. are important factors influencing business decisions. Some management structures and styles delay decision while some others facilitate quick decisions making. 

d)    Internal Power Relationship: 

Factors like the amount of support the top management enjoys from different levels of employees, shareholders and board of directors have important influence on the decisions and their implementation.

e)    Human Resources: 

The characteristics of the human resources like skill, quality, morale, commitment, attitude etc. could contribute to the strength and weakness of an organisation.

Company Image and Brand Equity: 

The image of the company matters while raising finance, forming, joint venture or other alliances, soliciting marketing intermediaries, entering purchase or sale contracts, launching new products etc.

Micro Environment: 

The micro environment consists of the actors in the company’s immediate environment that affects the performance of the company. These include the suppliers, marketing intermediaries, competitors, customers’ etc.

Suppliers: 

Supplier supply the inputs like raw materials and components to the company. For the smooth functioning of business, it is important to have a reliable source of supply of raw material and components.

Marketing intermediaries: 

Marketing intermediaries are the firms that aid the company in promoting, selling and distributing its goods to final buyers. Marketing intermediaries include middlemen such as agents and merchants like: help the company find customers or close sales with them “, physical distribution firms which assist the company in stocking and moving goods from their origin to their  destination such as advertising agencies marketing research firms etc and financial intermediaries which finance marketing activities and insure business risk.

Competitors: 

The firm’s competitors include not only the other firms which market the same or similar products but also all those compete for the discretionary income of the consumers. An implication of these different demands is that a marketer should strive to create primary and selective demand for his products. 

Customers: 

The major task of a business is to create and sustain customers. A business exists only because of its customers monitoring the customer sensitivities, therefore, prerequisite for the business success. A company may have different categories of customers like individuals, households, industries and other commercial establishments, and government and other institutions. With the growing globalization, the customer environment is increasingly becoming global. Not only the markets of other countries are becoming more open the Indian market is becoming more exposed to the global competition and the Indian customer is becoming more “global” in his shopping.

Macro Environment: 

The macro environment consists of the societal forces that affect all the sectors in the company’s macro environment namely, the demographic, economic, natural, technological, political and cultural forces. These environment forces are beyond the control of a firm, its success will depend to a very large extend on its adaptability to the environment.

Socio-cultural Environment: 

The buying and consumption habits of the people, their language, beliefs and values, customs and traditions, tastes and preferences, education etc are the constituents of Socio-economic environment.
For a business to be successful, its strategies should be the one that is appropriate in the Socio-cultural environment. The marketing characteristics of the market e.g. Nestle, a Swiss multinational company brews more than forty varieties of instant coffees as per different national tastes.

Natural Environment: 

Difference in geographical conditions between markets may sometimes call for changes in the marketing mix, geographical and ecological factors also influence the location of certain industries, climate and weather conditions affect the location of certain industries like the cotton textile industry. Topographical factors may affect the demand pattern. For example, in hilly areas with a difficult terrain, jeeps may be in greater demand than cars.

Demo-graphical Environment: 

Demographic factors like the size, age composition, sex composition etc of the population, family size, educational levels, language, religion etc are all factors which are relevant to business.
The occupational and spatial mobility of population have implications for business if labour is easily mobile between different occupations and regions, its supply will be relatively smooth and this will affect wage rate.

Technological Environment: 

Technological developments may increase the demand for some existing products. For example, voltage stabilizers help increase the sale of electrical appliances in market characterized by frequent voltage fluctuations in power supply. However, the introduction of TVs, refrigerators etc. with build-in-voltage stabilizers adversely affects the demand for voltage stabilizers.

Political Environment: 

Political and government has close relationship with the economic system and economics policy. Certain changes in government policies such as the industrial policy, traffic policy, fiscal policy etc. may have pro focused impact on business. In may countries with a view to protecting consumer business. In many countries with a view to protecting consumer interests, regulations have become stronger. Regulations to protect the purity of the environment and preserve the ecological balance have assumed great importance in many counties.
*Copyright © 2017 Dr. Lalit Kumar. All rights reserved.

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